IL-21 Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (012), Invitrogen™

Description

• This product is preservative free
• It is recommended to add sodium azide to avoid contamination (final concentration 0.05%-0.1%)
• Recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibodies are produced using in vitro expression systems
• The expression systems are developed by cloning in the specific antibody DNA sequences from immunoreactive rabbits
• Then, individual clones are screened to select the best candidates for production
• The advantages of using recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibodies include: better specificity and sensitivity, lot-to-lot consistency, animal origin-free formulations, and broader immunoreactivity to diverse targets due to larger rabbit immune repertoire
• This antibody has specificity for Mouse IL-21
• IL-21 is a 17 kDa immunomodulatory cytokine produced mainly by Natural Killer Cells (NKT), T helper (Th) 17 and T follicular helper (TFH) cells
• In TFH cells, IL-21 expression leads to autocrine signaling through the IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) and STAT3, which leads to additional transcriptional activation by Bcl6
• As with IFN gamma for Th1 and IL-4 for Th2 cells, IL-21 is critical for TFH cell development and effector function
• IL-21 plays a role in T cell-dependent B cell differentiation into plasma cells and memory cells, stimulation of IgG production and induction of apoptotic signaling in naive B cells
• In Th17 cells, IL-21 expression and autocrine feedback through STAT3, IRF4 and ROR gamma t lead to upregulation of the IL-23R, thereby preparing Th17 cells for maturation and maintenance by the inflammatory cytokine IL-23
• While upregulating IRF4 and ROR gamma t, IL-21 also mediates the downregulation of Foxp3
• IL-21 deficient mice are protected from developing colitis upon chemical treatment by their inability to upregulate Th17-associated molecules
• In comparison, elevated levels of IL-21 are present in chemically-induced colitis mouse models.