Description

• General description: Coenzyme A (CoA) is an essential cofactor in living systems and is synthesized from pantothenic acid (vitamin B5),[1] The CoA levels in mitochondria and peroxisomes correspond to 2-5 mM and 0.7 mM, respectively. Cytosolic CoA is in the range of 0.05 mM to 0.14 mM[1]
• Application: Coenzyme A is suitable for use in:gylcerolipid biosynthesis in porcine adipose tissue[2]an assay to measure the level of Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) in human blood samples using a nanoparticle electrochemical biosensor[3]chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assay[4][5]the synthesis of palmitoyl-CoA, which is required for palmitoylation and activation of proteins for regulated membrane fusion[6]
• Biochem/physiol Actions: Coenzyme A (CoA, CoASH, HSCoA) is a coenzyme that facilitates enzymatic acyl-group transfer reactions and supports the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids. CoA is involved in the mechanisms of a wide variety of enzymes. In the presence of CoASH, organic carboxylic acids form acyl-CoA thioesters, which facilitates enzyme recognition. The acyl-CoA formed from xenobiotic carboxylic acids can add to the compound′s toxicity, which can lead to cellular metabolic dysfunction.[7] It is involved in the oxidation of pyruvate in the Kreb′s cycle. CoA is needed for metabolic events.[8] The bacterial CoA pathway is targeted for antimicrobial development.[8] It mediates acyl group transfer and carbonyl activation. The CoA and its thioester levels are crucial for cellular homeostasis. CoA is also involved in regulating platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction.[1] It acts as an essential cofactor in enzymatic acetyl transfer reactions.