TLR3 Monoclonal Antibody (27N3D4), Invitrogen™

Description

• TLR3 (Toll-like receptor 3, CD283) is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity
• TLRs are highly conserved from drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities
• TLRs recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity
• The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression
• TLR3 is most abundantly expressed in placenta and pancreas, and is restricted to the dendritic subpopulation of the leukocytes
• TLR3 recognizes dsRNA associated with viral infection, and induces the activation of NF-kappaB and the production of type I interferons
• Further, TLR3 may play a role in host defense against viruses, and the use of alternative polyadenylation sites to generate different length transcripts has been noted for the TLR3 gene
• Like its counterparts in Drosophila, TLRs signal through adaptor molecules and could constitute an important and unrecognized component of innate immunity in humans
• The TLR family is a phylogenetically conserved mediator of innate immunity that is essential for microbial recognition
• TLRs characterized so far activate the MyD88/interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) signaling pathway
• TLR3 is the only human TLR which does not utilize MyD88 as an adaptor molecule instead utilizing TRIF in a signaling path which results in downstream activation of IRF-3 and NF-kB
• TLR3 activation leads not only to Type I interferon induction but also to other inflammatory cytokines which result in DC maturation
• TLR3 is known to recognize viral double-stranded (ds) RNA, a molecular pattern associated with viral infection
• Recently it has been shown to recognize viruses such as Influenza A and West Nile Virus and can mediate entry of at least West Nile Virus.